所謂的倒裝結構,指的是謂語(yǔ)的一部分或全部放在了主語(yǔ)的前面,最簡(jiǎn)單的倒裝結構就是疑問(wèn)句,比如,Could—fatal loophole in the dilemma—the theories themselves be symptoms of a universal stupefaction?倒裝的目的是要強調所提前的成分.中國學(xué)生由于不太習慣于看到謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)前的位置,可能會(huì )對理解造成障礙.處理方法其實(shí)也很簡(jiǎn)單,就是把倒裝還原為正常的語(yǔ)序去理解就好了.
3.3.1 部分倒裝
倒裝分為部分倒裝和完全倒裝.部分倒裝指的是部分謂語(yǔ),尤其是助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞等,放在了主語(yǔ)的前面.一般含有否定意義的詞,例如,little、never、not、not only、no、hardly、rarely、seldom、nor,或表示強調的情況,會(huì )被放在句首, 并把那些助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞等同時(shí)補充或提前,產(chǎn)生部分倒裝.
例 1.
Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained,he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent.
【解析】
該句中因為開(kāi)始出現了否定意義上的詞組 not only,且出現了助動(dòng)詞 could 在主語(yǔ) Smith 之前的位置.故為倒裝結構.
【處理】
直接還原為正常的語(yǔ)序,然后理解就好.該句還原為:Smith could not only identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging: certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments,while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent.
例 2.
Not until the eighteenth century, however, did such banks as the Bank of Amsterdam and the Bank of England begin to provide capital for business investment.
【解析】
該句中因為開(kāi)始出現了否定意義上的詞組 Not until the eighteenth century,且出現了助動(dòng)詞 did 在主語(yǔ) such banks 之前的位置.故為倒裝結構.
【處理】
直接還原為正常的語(yǔ)序,然后理解就好.該句還原為:Not until the eighteenth century, however, such banks as the Bank of Amsterdam and the Bank of England began to provide capital for business investment.
例 3.
So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images.
【解析】
該句中因為開(kāi)始出現了強調意義上的詞組 So ordinary and routine(so?that?結構),且出現了助動(dòng)詞 has 在主語(yǔ) this 之前的位置.故為倒裝結構.
【處理】
直接還原為正常的語(yǔ)序,然后理解就好.該句還原為:This has become so ordinary and routine to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images.
3.3.2 完全倒裝
完全倒裝指的是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分放在主語(yǔ)之前,尤其是要強調表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞或短語(yǔ),例如,now、then、here、there、in the center 等.
例 1.
The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region’s water supplies.
【解析】
該句中因為開(kāi)始出現了時(shí)間意義上的詞組 in the process,且所有的謂語(yǔ) in the process are drawing down 在主語(yǔ) the entire region’s water supplies 之前的位置.故為倒裝結構.
【處理】
直接還原為正常的語(yǔ)序,然后理解就好.該句還原為:The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and the entire region’s water supplies are drawing down in the process.
